基于网络药理学及分子对接技术研究人参-陈皮配伍治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制＊

目的 研究人参-陈皮配伍治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的主要活性成分和潜在的分子作用机制。方法 从TCMSP数据库中获取人参、陈皮的活性成分和潜在靶点，疾病靶点利用DrugBank、TTD、GeneCards数据库获取。“药物-化合物-靶点”互作网络可视化由Cytoscape3.6.1软件完成。通过绘制韦恩图得到人参、陈皮和COPD的共有靶点，运用Cytoscape平台获取共有靶点相互作用关系。通过DAVID数据库对共有靶点进行GO、KEGG富集分析。活性成分和关键靶点的分子对接由autodock vina实现，并采用体外抗炎活性实验进行验证。结果 从人参和陈皮中共筛选得到27个活性成分，800个疾病靶点，药物和疾病共有靶点70个。GO功能富集分析得到GO条目213个（P<0.01），KEGG通路富集筛选得到99条信号通路（P<0.01）。分子对接结果显示，甾醇类成分和黄酮类成分与关键靶点有较高的结合性。体外抗炎活性验证结果表明，川陈皮素、山奈酚、柚皮素、人参皂苷rh2能够减少炎症因子的分泌。结论 人参-陈皮配伍可通过多成分、多靶点和多通路调控炎症因子释放，达到治疗COPD的效果。     

基于代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾能量代谢的影响＊

目的 通过UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS代谢组学探讨艾灸关元穴对老年大鼠肾代谢物的影响，进而为艾灸关元穴的作用机制提供参考。方法 将8月龄SD雄性大鼠设为成年对照组（8只），21月龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为老年对照组（8只）、老年金匮肾气丸组（7只）、老年艾灸组（8只）。老年金匮肾气丸组每日按体重给药，老年艾灸组每日艾灸关元穴15 min，均每周5天。实验持续13周后检测大鼠肾组织线粒体呼吸耗氧速率、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性以及血清肾功能指标，观察肾脏病理变化，结合UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对大鼠的肾组织进行代谢轮廓分析，筛选代谢差异物并进行鉴定。结果 与老年对照组比较，老年艾灸组大鼠肾线粒体的呼吸耗氧速率和SDH酶的活力显著提高（P<0.01）。代谢组学结果显示，肾组织中筛选出13个共同差异化合物，分别是丁酸十二烷基酯、亚油酰胺、5-甲基四氢叶酸、PC（16∶0/22∶5（7Z，10Z，13Z，16Z，19Z））、6，8-二羟基嘌呤、1，2，3-丙烷三羧酸、3-（4-甲氧基苯基）-2-氧代丙酸、吲哚-3-乙酰甘氨酸、亚麻油酸、9，10-环氧十八烷酸、二十二碳五烯酸（22n-6）、牛磺胆酸、LysoPS （18∶0/0∶0）。结论 艾灸关元穴可通过调控老年大鼠的牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢来调节肾的能量代谢。     

Risk as a pattern over time: Delineation of time-dependent risk factors in biological,psychological, and social variables in cancer patients

Background

Survival in cancer patients is associated with a multitude of biological, social, and psychological factors. Although it is well established that all these factors add to overall mortality, it is not well understood how the predictive power of these parameters changes in a comprehensive model and over time.

Methods

Patients who attended the authors’ outpatient clinic were invited to participate. The authors followed 5180 mixed cancer patients (51.1% female; mean age, 59.1 years [SD = 13.8]) for up to 16 years and analyzed biological (age, sex, cancer site, anemia), psychological (anxiety, depression), and social variables (marital status, education, employment status) potentially predicting overall survival in a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The median survival time for the entire sample was 4.3 years (95% confidence interval, 4.0–4.7). The overall survival probabilities for 1 and 10 years were 76.8% and 38.0%, respectively. Following an empirical approach, the authors split the time interval into five periods: acute, subacute, short-term, medium-term, and long-term. A complex pattern of variables predicted overall survival differently in the five periods. Biological parameters were important throughout most of the time, social parameters were either time-independent predictors or tended to be more important in the longer term. Of the psychological parameters, only depression was a significant predictor and lost its predictive power in the long-term.

Conclusions

The findings of this study allow the development of comprehensive patient-specific models of risk and resilience factors addressing biopsychosocial needs of cancer patients, paving the way for a personalized treatment plan that goes beyond biomedical cancer care.     

Cytology should create structured data sets without using synoptic reporting

Structured data sets can be created from cytology reports without the addition of synoptic reports using either natural language processing or minor changes to laboratory information systems structure.;